<HTML>
<head>

<title> Austro-Hungarian Empire Moravia Moraviana minority  </title>


<META NAME="Description" CONTENT="Moravia is a central European provinced wedged between Bohemia and Slovakia. The area has been populated by various ethnic groups. The Celtic Boii were pushed out by the push west of the germanic tribes. They were followed by the Slavic tribes (6th century). A Moravian principlity first came into existence and covered areas od Slovalia, the Czech Republic, and Austria (late-8th century). Great Moravia struggled for existence bewen the Holy Roman Empire and Hungary. Moravia was conquiered by Hungary (906-07). Emperor Otto's defeat of the Hungarians brought Moravia within the Empire (955). A perid of competition with Polad and Bohemia. Eventually Moravia became associated with Bohemia. The Hapsburgs inherited Bohemia-Moavia (1437). Since that time Moravia has been ruled by the Austrian Hapsburgs as a part of Bohemia. The Austro-Hungarian Empire broke up with the defear of the Central Powers in World war I (1918). Moravia along with Slovakia became part of Czechoslovakia (1918-39). The NAZIs invased Czechoslovakia (March 1939). Slovakia was allowed to separate from Czechoslvakia as a slavisly pro-NAZI ally. The NAZIs created the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-45). The NAZIs desired to completely expunge Czechoslovakia from the map of Europe and ethnic Czechs wee targeted during the occupation. (We dont't think the Germans dfferentiated Moravians and Czechs, but this needs to confirmed.) Czechoslvakia was reformed (Slovakia, Moravia, and Bohemia) after the Allied victory of World War II. The German minority was ex[elled, including the small German minority in Moravia. When Slovakia seceeded from Czechoslovakia (1993), Moravia stayed with Bohemia to form the Czech Republic. The people of Moravia are a Slavic ethnic group. They speak various dialects of Czech. Many Moravians consider themselves Czechs, a minority see themselves as a separate ethnic group, but this prportion according the Census seld identifcation seems to be declining. With photos and text. ">

<META NAME="KeyWords" CONTENT="Autria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czech, Czechs, Moravia boy, boys, children, school uniform, garments, caps, military, tunics, sailor suits, shirts">




</head>

<BODY BGCOLOR="#000066" TEXT="#FFFF00" LINK="#FF0000" ALINK="#FFFF00"VLINK="#99CCFF">

<br>
<br>
<img src="/HBCgold.gif">
<br>
<br>
<HR>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>

<center><h1>Austrian-Hungarian Empire:  Nationalities--The Moravians </h1></center>


<table border=0 cellpadding=20 width=40% align=right>
<tr>
<td><table border=5 width=95% align=right bgcolor=##7f00ff">
<tr>
<td>
<img src="/image/date/2008/04/10/mor01s.jpg">
<hr>
<i>Figure 1.--Here we see a school boy from Brno before World war I.  Notice the German (Austrian) look with the leather satchel.  Brno was a country seat and one of the most important gowns in Moracvia.  
</i>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<p> Moravia is a central European provinced wedged between Bohemia and Slovakia. The area has been populated by various ethnic groups. The Celtic Boii were pushed out by the push west of the germanic tribes. They were followed by the Slavic tribes (6th century). A Moravian principlity first came into existence and covered areas od Slovalia, the Czech Republic, and Austria (late-8th century). Great Moravia struggled for existence bewen the Holy Roman Empire and Hungary. Moravia was conquiered by Hungary (906-07). Emperor Otto's defeat of the Hungarians brought Moravia within the Empire (955). A perid of competition with Polad and Bohemia. Eventually Moravia became associated with Bohemia. The Hapsburgs inherited Bohemia-Moavia (1437). Since that time Moravia has been ruled by the Austrian Hapsburgs as a part of Bohemia. The Austro-Hungarian Empire broke up with the defear of the Central Powers in World war I (1918). Moravia along with Slovakia became part of Czechoslovakia (1918-39). The NAZIs invased Czechoslovakia (March 1939). Slovakia was allowed to separate from Czechoslvakia as a slavisly pro-NAZI ally. The NAZIs created the <a href="/essay/war/ww2/leb/east/cz/east-czbm.html">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a> (1939-45). The NAZIs desired to completely expunge Czechoslovakia from the map of Europe and ethnic Czechs wee targeted during the occupation. (We dont't think the Germans dfferentiated Moravians and Czechs, but this needs to confirmed.) Czechoslvakia was reformed (Slovakia, Moravia, and Bohemia) after the Allied victory of World War II. The German minority was ex[elled, including the small German minority in Moravia. When Slovakia seceeded from Czechoslovakia (1993), Moravia stayed with Bohemia to form the Czech Republic. The people of Moravia are a Slavic ethnic group. They speak various dialects of Czech. Many Moravians consider themselves Czechs, a minority see themselves as a separate ethnic group, but this prportion according the Census seld identifcation seems to be declining.
<br>



<!

Around 60 BC the Celtic Boii people withdrew from the region and were succeeded in turn by the Germanic Quadi and in the sixth century the Slavic tribes. At the end of the eighth century the Moravian Principality came into being in present-day south-eastern Moravia, Záhorie in south-western Slovakia and parts of Lower Austria. In 833 this became the state of Great Moravia with the conquest of the Principality of Nitra (present-day Slovakia; from 10. century into 1918 part of the Kingdom of Hungary). Their first king was Mojmir I (ruled 830-846). Second ruler of the Great Moravia was St. Rastislav (846-870) who tried to emancipate his land from the Carolingian influence, so he sent his envoys to the Rome for the missionaries and when refused he turned to the Constantinople to the Byzantine emperor Michal. The result was the mission of St. Konstantin and Methodius who translated liturgical books into the Slavonic language which was lately elevated by the pope on the level with the Latin and Greek. Methodius became the first Moravian archbishop. But after his death the German influence again prevailed and the disciples of Methodius were forced to escape. So the German destroyed the unique situation which anticipated the II. Vatican Council by several centuries. Great Moravia reached its greatest territorial extent in the 890s under Svatopluk I. At this time, the empire encompassed the territory of the present-day Czech Republic and Slovakia, the western part of present Hungary (Pannonia), as well as Lusatia in present-day Germany and Silesia and the upper Vistula basin in southern Poland. After Svatopluk's death in 895, the Bohemian princes defected to become vassals of the East Frankish ruler Arnulf of Carinthia, and the Moravian state ceased to exist after being overrun by invading Magyars in 906-7.

Following the defeat of the Magyars by Emperor Otto I at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955, Otto's ally Boleslaus I, the Přemyslid ruler of Bohemia, received Moravia. Boleslaus I of Poland annexed Moravia in 999, and ruled it until 1019, when the Přemyslid prince Bretislaus recaptured it. Upon his father's death in 1035, Bretislaus also became the ruler of Bohemia. In 1054, Bretislaus decreed that the Bohemian and Moravians lands would be inherited together by primogeniture, although he also provided that his younger sons should govern parts of Moravia as vassals to his oldest son.

Throughout the Přemyslid era, junior princes often ruled all or part of Moravia from Olomouc, Brno, or Znojmo, with varying degrees of autonomy from the ruler of Bohemia. Moravia reached its height of autonomy in 1182, when Emperor Frederick I elevated Moravia to the status of a margraviate (or mark), immediately subject to the emperor, independent of Bohemia. This status was short-lived: in 1197, Vladislaus III of Bohemia resolved the succession dispute between him and his brother Ottokar by abdicating from the Bohemian throne and accepting the margraviate of Moravia as a vassal of Bohemia.

Since then, Moravia has shared its history with Bohemia. The Přemyslid dynasty became extinct in 1306, and in 1310, John of Luxembourg became king of Bohemia. Moravia and Bohemia remained within the Luxembourg dynasty of Holy Roman kings and emperors, until inherited by Albert II of Habsburg in 1437.

In the course of the Hussite wars, the Habsburgs lost control of Bohemia and Moravia, and the Czech lands were temporarily divided. The Hussite George of Podebrady was elected king of Bohemia in 1458. In 1466, Pope Paul II excommunicated George and forbade all Catholics from continuing to serve him, and in 1469, Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary, conquered Moravia. Moravia was reunited with Bohemia in 1490 when Vladislaus Jagellion, who had succeeded George as king of Bohemia in 1471, then also succeeded Matthias as king of Hungary. In 1526, Vladislaus' son Louis died in battle, and the Habsburg Ferdiand I was elected king of Bohemia. Moravia remained with Bohemia as a Habsburg possession until the end of World War I.

Until 1641 Moravia's capital was the centrally-located Olomouc, but after its capture by the Swedes it moved to the larger city of Brno which resisted the invaders successfully. The Margraviate of Moravia had its own diet – zemský sněm (Landtag in German), whose deputies were elected (from 1905 onward) in ethnically separate German and Czech constituencies.

Following the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Moravia became part of Czechoslovakia (and was part of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in World War II). In 1945 the ethnic German minority of Moravia were expelled. (See Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after World War II). With the break up of Czechoslovakia, Moravia became a part of the Czech Republic in 1993.



>


<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<HR>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<CENTER>
<H1>HBC</H1>
<P>
<A HREF="/email.html"><img src="/imagef/mail1.gif"></A><BR>
</CENTER><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<center>
<p><i>Navigate the Boys' Historical Clothing Web Site:
<br>
<b>[<a href="/intro.html">Introduction</a>] 
[<a href="/act/act.html">Activities</a>]
[<a href="/bio/bio.html">Biographies</a>]
[<a href="/chron/chron.html">Chronology</a>] 
[<a href="/style/style.html">Clothing styles</a>]
[<a href="/country/country.html">Countries</a>]<br>
[<a href="/bib.html">Bibliographies</a>]
[<a href="/cont.html">Contributions</a>]
[<a href="/essay/essay.html">Essays</a>]
[<a href="/faq.html">FAQs</a>]
[<a href="/var/for/ger/ggloss.html">German glossary</a>]
[<a href="/cont/image.html">Images</a>]
[<a href="/link.html">Links</a>]
[<a href="/cont/contr.html">Registration</a>]
[<a href="/index2at.html">Tools</a>]<br>
[<a href="/index2.html">Boys' Clothing Home</a>]
</b>
</center>
<br>
<br>
<center>
<p><i>Navigate the Boys' Historical Clothing national pages:<br>
[Return to the <a href="/country/ost/ah/co-ah.html">Main Austro-Hungarian page</a>]<br>
[Return to the <a href="/country/other/czech/co-czech.html">Main countries page</a>]<br>
<b>[<a href="/country/aust/co-aust.html">Australia</a>]
[<a href="/country/ost/co-ost.html>Austria</a>]
[<a href="/country/bel/co-bel.html">Belgium</a>]
[<a href="/country/eng/co-eng.html">Czechoslovakia</a>]
[<a href="/country/eng/co-eng.html">England</a>]
[<a href="/country/fran/co-fran.html">France</a>]
[<a href="/country/ger/co-germ.html">Germany</a>]
[<a href="/country/ir/co-ir.html">Ireland</a>]
[<a href="/country/it/co-it.html">Italy</a>]
[<a href="/country/co-jap.html">Japan</a>]
[<a href="/country/other/co-kore.html">Korea</a>]<br>
[<a href="/country/other/co-mex.html">Mexico</a>]
[<a href="/country/nz/co-nz.html">New Zealand</a>]
[<a href="/country/scot/co-scot.html">Scotland</a>]
[<a href="/country/us/co-us.html">United States</a>]
</center>
<br>
<br>
Created:  7:51 PM 4/10/2008<br>
Last updated:  7:51 PM 4/10/2008
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<img src="/HBCgold.gif" align=right>
<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>