㰀䠀吀䴀䰀㸀 World War II -- island territories Andaman Islands 㰀氀椀渀欀爀攀氀㴀∀愀瀀瀀氀攀ⴀ琀漀甀挀栀ⴀ椀挀漀渀∀ 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀椀洀愀最攀昀⼀最椀昀⼀昀愀瘀椀挀漀渀栀⸀椀挀漀∀㸀㰀䴀䔀吀䄀一䄀䴀䔀㴀∀䐀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀∀ 䌀伀一吀䔀一吀㴀∀吀栀攀䄀渀搀愀洀愀渀䤀猀氀愀渀搀猀眀攀爀攀瀀愀爀琀漀昀琀栀攀䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀刀愀樀⸀ 䈀爀椀琀椀琀椀猀栀愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀椀攀猀甀猀攀搀琀栀攀嘀椀瀀攀爀䌀栀愀椀渀䜀愀渀最䨀愀椀氀漀渀嘀椀瀀攀爀䤀猀氀愀渀搀眀愀猀爀攀猀攀爀瘀攀搀昀漀爀搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀瀀爀椀猀漀渀攀爀猀搀甀爀椀渀最琀栀攀挀漀氀漀渀椀愀氀攀爀愀⸀ 䈀攀挀愀甀猀攀漀昀椀琀猀椀猀漀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀琀眀愀猀甀猀攀搀琀漀樀愀椀氀椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀挀攀愀挀琀椀瘀椀猀琀猀⸀ 洀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀⸀ 吀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀愀昀琀攀爀氀愀甀渀挀栀椀渀最琀栀攀倀愀挀椀昀椀挀圀愀爀眀椀琀栀琀栀攀愀琀琀愀挀欀漀渀倀攀愀爀氀䠀愀爀戀漀爀眀攀爀攀愀戀氀攀琀漀搀漀洀椀渀愀琀攀琀栀攀倀愀挀椀昀椀挀伀挀攀愀渀愀渀搀昀漀爀愀戀爀椀攀昀瀀攀爀椀漀搀琀栀攀䤀渀搀椀愀渀伀挀攀愀渀⸀ 䄀瀀漀眀攀爀昀甀氀䤀洀瀀攀爀椀愀氀一愀瘀礀挀爀甀椀猀攀爀猀焀甀愀搀漀爀渀愀渀搀琀栀攀氀椀最栀琀挀愀爀爀椀攀爀 ✀刀礀欀樁䴀✁Ⰰ 猀攀椀稀攀搀琀栀攀椀猀氀愀渀搀 ⠀䴀愀爀挀栀㈀㌀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㐀㈀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀眀愀猀琀漀猀攀挀甀爀攀琀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀䄀爀洀礀✀猀猀攀愀眀愀爀搀昀氀愀渀欀愀猀椀琀挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀琀栀攀漀挀挀甀瀀愀琀椀漀渀漀昀䈀甀爀洀愀⸀ 吀栀攀䤀猀氀愀渀搀猀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀漀昀氀椀琀琀氀攀瘀愀氀甀攀琀漀琀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀Ⰰ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀愀昀琀攀爀䴀椀搀眀愀礀 ⠀䨀甀渀攀㄀㤀㐀㄀⤀ 眀栀攀渀䨀愀瀀愀渀✀猀渀愀瘀愀氀 dominance ended. The Imperial Navy concentrated its forces for the battles with the U.S. Navy around the Solomons in the South Pacific. And the Japanese no longer committed important elements for Indian Ocean operations. 'Ryūjō' survived Midway, but was sunk in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons (August 1942). The Japanese used the Islands as a submarine and seaplane base. Given the minor importance of the Andamans, the British with limited available resources did did not attempt to retake them. The Japanese used the Islands for propaganda purposes. Japanese authorities placed the Islands under the nominal control of the Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind (Provisional Government of Free India--PGFI) under the leadership of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. Bose did visit the Islands and renamed them as Shaheed (Martyr) & Swaraj (Self-rule). With Japanese cameras rollin, Bose raised the flag of Indian independence (December 30, 1943). This was of cour猀攀愀昀椀挀琀椀漀渀愀猀琀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀眀攀爀攀椀渀琀漀琀愀氀挀漀渀琀爀漀氀⸀ 䴀甀挀栀漀昀琀栀攀䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀匀椀欀栀最愀爀爀椀猀漀渀樀漀椀渀攀搀䈀漀猀攀✀猀䤀渀搀椀愀渀一愀琀椀漀渀愀氀䄀爀洀礀 ⠀䤀一䄀⤀⸀ 䤀一䄀䜀攀渀攀爀愀氀䰀漀最愀渀愀琀栀愀渀眀愀猀愀瀀瀀漀椀渀琀攀搀䜀漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀漀昀琀栀攀䄀渀搀愀洀愀渀愀渀搀一椀挀漀戀愀爀䤀猀氀愀渀搀猀眀栀椀挀栀栀愀搀戀攀攀渀愀渀渀攀砀攀搀琀漀䈀漀猀攀✀猀倀䜀䘀䤀⸀ 䤀琀眀漀甀氀搀戀攀瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀氀礀琀栀攀漀渀氀礀瀀愀爀琀漀昀䤀渀搀椀愀琀栀愀琀琀栀攀倀䜀䘀䤀眀漀甀氀搀漀戀猀琀攀渀猀椀戀氀礀挀漀渀琀爀漀氀⸀ 吀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀搀甀爀椀渀最琀栀攀椀爀漀挀挀甀瀀愀琀椀漀渀挀漀洀洀椀椀琀琀攀搀琀攀爀爀椀戀氀攀愀琀琀爀漀挀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀挀漀洀洀愀渀搀攀爀眀愀猀戀爀甀琀愀氀氀礀琀漀爀琀甀爀攀搀愀渀搀琀栀攀渀戀攀栀攀愀搀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀挀漀洀洀愀渀搀攀爀栀愀搀渀漀琀琀栀攀猀氀椀最栀琀攀猀琀椀搀攀愀琀栀愀琀䨀愀瀀愀渀挀漀甀氀搀氀漀猀攀琀栀攀圀愀爀⸀ 䴀漀猀琀漀昀琀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀愀琀琀爀漀挀椀琀椀攀猀搀甀爀椀渀最琀栀攀漀挀挀甀瀀愀琀椀漀渀眀攀爀攀挀漀洀洀椀琀琀攀搀愀最愀椀渀猀琀琀栀攀氀漀挀愀氀瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀愀猀昀攀眀䈀琀椀琀愀椀渀猀氀椀瘀攀搀琀栀攀爀攀⸀ 吀栀攀倀䜀䘀䤀眀愀猀渀漀琀爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀氀攀昀漀爀琀栀攀愀琀琀爀漀挀椀琀椀攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀愀猀琀栀攀礀栀愀搀渀漀爀攀愀氀愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀礀Ⰰ 眀攀爀攀甀渀愀戀氀攀琀漀瀀爀漀琀攀挀琀琀栀攀氀漀挀愀氀瀀漀瀀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀昀爀漀洀琀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀⸀ 䄀猀漀渀漀琀栀攀爀椀猀氀愀渀搀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀漀挀挀甀瀀椀攀搀Ⰰ 昀漀漀搀戀攀挀愀洀攀瘀攀爀礀猀挀愀爀挀攀愀渀搀琀栀攀最愀爀爀椀猀漀渀✀猀瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀眀愀猀昀椀渀搀椀渀最昀漀漀搀⸀ 吀栀椀猀戀攀挀愀洀攀愀渀椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最氀礀猀攀爀椀漀甀猀瀀爀漀戀氀攀m as the Japanese naval and merchant shipping losses made it increasingly difficult to supply isolated naval garrisons. Royal Navy units targeted Japanese facilitilies on the Adamans and intercepted supply ships which the Japanese were forced to send without escorts. (1944-45). he Japanese as a final attrocity rounded up and executed 750 civilians in the Port Blair area. This seems largely designed to eliminate witnesses to their occupation attrocities. The British after the Japanese surrender (August 1945), had many colonial possessions to reooupy that took higher priority, including Malay, Singapore, and Hong Kong with POWs in terrible condition. The primary problem was the shortage of shipping. Thus the British did not reoccupation of the Andamans was delayed (October 7-10, 1945). With photos and text. ">㰀䈀伀䐀夀䈀䜀䌀伀䰀伀刀㴀∀⌀　　　　㘀㘀∀ 吀䔀堀吀㴀∀⌀䘀䘀䘀䘀　　∀ 䰀䤀一䬀㴀∀⌀䘀䘀　　　　∀ 䄀䰀䤀一䬀㴀∀⌀䘀䘀䘀䘀　　∀ 嘀䰀䤀一䬀㴀∀⌀㤀㤀䌀䌀䘀䘀∀㸀㰀戀爀㸀
㰀椀洀最猀爀挀㴀∀⼀椀洀愀最攀昀⼀最椀昀⼀挀椀栀ⴀ瀀甀爀⸀瀀渀最∀㸀
㰀戀爀㸀

㰀戀爀㸀
㰀戀爀㸀

World War II Indian Ocean Island Territories: Andaman Islands

㰀琀戀漀搀礀㸀㰀琀搀㸀

㰀栀爀㸀Figure 1.-- The Japanese committed terrible atrocities on the Andaman Islands after they occupied the islands (March 1942). Besides outright killing, they also seized food from the civilians. This was standard Japanese occupation policy in China and other occupied areas. Millions of people dies in China, the Dutch East Indies, northern Indo China, and northern Burma. It also occurred on many Pacific islands occupied by the Japanese as well as the Andamans. The local population was left to starve. By the time the British retook the Islands after the War, the islanders were starving. The caption of this wire service photo read, "Another Jap Victim: Sister W, Johnson of Tatanager, India, carries a native whose withered body attests to the starvation suffered by the Andaman Islanders at the hands of the Japs. British liberators are caring for the population of the Islands." The photograp栀眀愀猀搀愀琀攀搀一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀㄀㌀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㐀㔀⸀ 㰀⼀椀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀㰀⼀琀爀㸀㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀㰀瀀㸀吀栀攀㰀愀栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀挀漀甀渀琀爀礀⼀漀琀栀攀爀⼀椀渀搀椀愀⼀爀攀最⼀椀猀氀愀渀搀⼀椀爀椀ⴀ愀渀搀愀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀䄀渀搀愀洀愀渀䤀猀氀愀渀搀猀㰀⼀愀㸀眀攀爀攀瀀愀爀琀漀昀琀栀攀䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀刀愀樀⸀ 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀椀攀猀甀猀攀搀琀栀攀嘀椀瀀攀爀䌀栀愀椀渀䜀愀渀最䨀愀椀氀漀渀嘀椀瀀攀爀䤀猀氀愀渀搀眀愀猀爀攀猀攀爀瘀攀搀昀漀爀搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀瀀爀椀猀漀渀攀爀猀搀甀爀椀渀最琀栀攀挀漀氀漀渀椀愀氀攀爀愀⸀ 䈀攀挀愀甀猀攀漀昀椀琀猀椀猀漀氀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 椀琀眀愀猀甀猀攀搀琀漀樀愀椀氀椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀挀攀愀挀琀椀瘀椀猀琀猀⸀ 吀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀愀昀琀攀爀氀愀甀渀挀栀椀渀最琀栀攀倀愀挀椀昀椀挀圀愀爀眀椀琀栀琀栀攀愀琀琀愀挀欀漀渀倀攀愀爀氀䠀愀爀戀漀爀眀攀爀攀愀戀氀攀琀漀搀漀洀椀渀愀琀攀琀栀攀倀愀挀椀昀椀挀伀挀攀愀渀愀渀搀昀漀爀愀戀爀椀攀昀瀀攀爀椀漀搀琀栀攀䤀渀搀椀愀渀伀挀攀愀渀⸀ 䄀瀀漀眀攀爀昀甀氀䤀洀瀀攀爀椀愀氀一愀瘀礀挀爀甀椀猀攀爀猀焀甀愀搀爀漀渀愀渀搀琀栀攀氀椀最栀琀挀愀爀爀椀攀爀㰀椀㸀刀礀欀樁䴀Ⰱ㰀⼀椀㸀猀攀椀稀攀搀琀栀攀椀猀氀愀渀搀 ⠀䴀愀爀挀栀㈀㌀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㐀㈀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀瀀甀爀瀀漀猀攀眀愀猀琀漀猀攀挀甀爀攀琀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀䄀爀洀礀✀猀猀攀愀眀愀爀搀昀氀愀渀欀愀猀椀琀挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀搀琀栀攀漀挀挀甀瀀愀琀椀漀渀漀昀䈀甀爀洀愀⸀ 吀栀攀䤀猀氀愀渀搀猀瀀爀漀瘀攀搀漀昀氀椀琀琀氀攀瘀愀氀甀攀琀漀琀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀Ⰰ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀愀昀琀攀爀䴀椀搀眀愀礀 ⠀䨀甀渀攀㄀㤀㐀㄀⤀ 眀栀攀渀䨀愀瀀愀渀✀猀渀愀瘀愀氀搀漀洀椀渀愀渀挀攀攀渀搀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀䤀洀瀀攀爀椀愀氀一愀瘀礀挀漀渀挀攀渀琀爀愀琀攀搀椀琀猀昀漀爀挀攀猀昀漀爀琀栀攀戀愀琀琀氀攀猀眀椀琀栀琀栀攀唀⸀匀⸀ 一愀瘀礀愀爀漀甀渀搀琀栀攀匀漀氀漀洀漀渀猀椀渀琀栀攀匀漀甀琀栀倀愀挀椀昀椀挀⸀ 䄀渀搀琀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀渀漀氀漀渀最攀爀挀漀洀洀椀琀琀攀搀椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀攀氀攀洀攀渀琀猀昀漀爀䤀渀搀椀愀渀伀挀攀愀渀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 㰀椀㸀刀礀欀樁䴀㰁⼀椀㸀猀甀爀瘀椀瘀攀搀䴀椀搀眀愀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀眀愀猀猀甀渀欀椀渀琀栀攀䈀愀琀琀氀攀漀昀琀栀攀䔀愀猀琀攀爀渀匀漀氀漀洀漀渀猀 ⠀䄀甀最甀猀琀㄀㤀㐀㈀⤀⸀ 吀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀甀猀攀搀琀栀攀䤀猀氀愀渀搀猀愀猀愀猀甀戀洀愀爀椀渀攀愀渀搀猀攀愀瀀氀愀渀攀戀愀猀攀⸀ 䜀椀瘀攀渀琀栀攀洀椀渀漀爀椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀挀攀漀昀琀栀攀䄀渀搀愀洀愀渀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀眀椀琀栀氀椀洀椀琀攀搀愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀爀攀猀漀甀爀挀攀猀搀椀搀搀椀搀渀漀琀愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀琀漀爀攀琀愀欀攀琀栀攀洀⸀ 吀栀攀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀甀猀攀搀琀栀攀䤀猀氀愀渀搀猀昀漀爀瀀爀漀瀀愀最愀渀搀愀瀀urposes. Japanese authorities placed the Islands under the nominal control of the Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind (Provisional Government of Free India--PGFI) under the leadership of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. Bose did visit the Islands and renamed them as Shaheed (Martyr) & Swaraj (Self-rule). With Japanese cameras rolling, Bose raised the flag of Indian independence (December 30, 1943). This was of course a fiction as the Japanese were in total control. Much of the British Sikh garrison joined Bose's Indian National Army (INA). INA General Loganathan was appointed Governor of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands which had been annexed to Bose's PGFI. It would be virtually the only part of India that the PGFI would ostensibly control. The Japanese during their occupation committed terrible atrocities. The British commander was brutally tortured and then beheaded. The Japanese commander had not the slightest idea that Japan could lose the War. Most of the Japanese atrocities during the occupation were committed against the local population as few Britains lived there. The PGFI was not responsible for the atrocities, but as they had no real authority, were unable to protect the local population from the Japanese. And the racial and cultural make up of the poplation may even have affected their sesire to protect the local. As on other islands, the Japanese occupied, food became very scarce and the garrison's primary activity was finding food. This became an increasingly serious problem as the Japanese naval and merchant shipping losses made it increasingly difficult to supply isolated naval garrisons, even strategically important ones. And the Andamns were perhas the least strategically placed island group the Japanese possessed. Royal Navy units targeted Japanese facilities on the Adamans and intercepted supply ships which the Japanese were forced to send without escorts. (1944-45). The Japanese as a final atrocity rounded up and executed 750 civilians in the Port Blair area. This seems largely designed to eliminate witnesses to their occupation atrocities. The British after the Japanese surrender (August 1945), had many colonial possessions to reoccupy that took 栀椀最栀攀爀瀀爀椀漀爀椀琀礀Ⰰ 椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最䴀愀氀愀礀Ⰰ 匀椀渀最愀瀀漀爀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀䠀漀渀最䬀漀渀最眀椀琀栀倀伀圀猀椀渀琀攀爀爀椀戀氀攀挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀⸀ 吀栀攀瀀爀椀洀愀爀礀瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀眀愀猀琀栀攀猀栀漀爀琀愀最攀漀昀猀栀椀瀀瀀椀渀最⸀ 吀栀甀猀琀栀攀䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀爀攀漀挀挀甀瀀愀琀椀漀渀漀昀琀栀攀䄀渀搀愀洀愀渀猀眀愀猀搀攀氀愀礀攀搀 ⠀伀挀琀漀戀攀爀㜀ⴀ㄀　Ⰰ ㄀㤀㐀㔀⤀⸀
㰀戀爀㸀
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