The Holocaust in Germany: Decrees and Regulations 1933-35


Figure 1.--

The Book burings and Boycott of Jewish stores set the tone for what was to come. But it came step by step. At first while bad, many Jews belkieved that the NAZIs would pass, like other German Governments, But step by step over 400 NaZI decrees and regulatiins gradually restricted Jewish like in Germany. And this was just national actions. Conless tates and municipalities imposed a wide range of further restrictions. The first step was dismissing Jews from the civil service, after this scarcely a month went by without some new restruction. Some were minor initations or humilitions others were major actions which led to property being stolen and eventully virtually impossible for Jews to make a living in Germay. A major turning point was the Nuremberg Race Kaws (September 1935) which cancelled the citizenship of Jews, making them aliens in their own coyntry. With these laws, Jews lost all civil rights and protection of law in Germany. This ment that NAZI officials no longer had any constraints on their efforts to isolated Jews and totally remobe tham from German life. 'Juden Frei' signs began appearing throughout the Reich.

1933


Berlin doctors banned from charity work (March 31)

The Berlin city commissioner for health suspended s Jewish doctors from the city’s charity services.

The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service) (April 7)

Hitler a day after the Boycott if Jewush stores decreed a new Civil Service Law: Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums (The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service) (April 7). The law was drafted by the new Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick. As the law was originally drafted, all 'non-Aryans were to be immideately dismissed from the Reich (national), Länder and municipal govern,ents. President of Germany, Paul von Hindenburg objected to the draft and insisted it be amended to exclude three classes of civil servants from dusmissal: 1) World War I veterans who had served at the front, 2) individuals who had been employed continuously since 1 August 1914 (the beginning of World War I), and 3) those who lost a father or son in combat during World War I. A as result, some Jews continued working for a brief period. There were, however, extra-legal ways of removing Jews. The Law was the legal basis for dismissing Jews and anti-NAZIs from the the civil service, including not only emoloyees of givernmentagencies, but judges, school teachers, and university professors (April 7, 1933). The Law was not so much aimed at 'professional' civil service. Germany had one of the most professional sivil service in the world. What the law did was to fashion a more nationalist civil service. The Law allowed newly appointed NAZI administrators to dusmiss tenured civil servants. Those targetted were civil servants not of 'Aryan descent (especially Jews), but not only Jews. Individuals known to be anti-NAZIs were also dismissed.

Law on the Admission to the Legal Profession (April 7)

The Law on the Admission to the Legal Profession banned the admission of Jews to the bar.

Law against Overcrowding in Schools and Universities (April 25)

The Law against Overcrowding in Schools and Universities limited the number of Jewish students in public schools. We do not have much information here, but believe in primrily affected university students. At many universities, NAZI students attacked Jewish professors and students. Some were killed, being thrown out windows and down stairs.

De-Naturalization Law (July 14)

A De-Naturalization Law revokes the citizenship of naturalized Jews and oher 'undesirables'.

Law on Editors (October 4)

The Law on Editors baned Jews from editorial newspaper abd magazine posts.

1934


1935


Expelling Jewish officers (May 21)

The Army expelled most Jewish officers, but the Navy did not.

Nuremberg Race Laws (Septenver 15)

Geman Führer Adolf Hitler at the Nuremberg Party Congress on September 15, 1935 announced three new laws that were to be cornerstones of German racist policies and the supression of Jews and other non-Aryans. These decrees became known as the Nuremberg Laws. They were decrees which in NAZI gErmany had the force of law forbidding contacts between Aryan Germans and Jews, espcecially marriage and srtipping Jewsof German citizenship. The first 1935 decree established the swastika as the official emblem of the German state. The second established special conditions for German citizenship that exclided all Jews. The third titled "The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor" prohibited marrige between German citizens and Jews. Marriages violating this law were voided and extra-marital relations prohibited. Jews were prohibuted from hiring female Germans under 45 years of age. Jews were also prohibuted from flying the national flag. The first three Nuremberg Laws were subsequently supplemented with 13 further decrees, the last issued as late as 1943, as the NAZIs constantly refined the supression of non-Aryans. These laws affected millions of Germans, the exact number depending n precisely how a Jew was defined. That definition was published November 14, 1935. The NAZIs defined a Jew as anyone who either 1) had three or four racially full Jewish grandparents, 2) belonged to a Jewish religious community or joined one after September 15 when the Nuremberg Laws came into force. Also regarded as Jews was anyone married to a Jew or the children of Jewish parents. This included illegtimate children of even the non-Jewish partner. There appears to have been no serious public objection to these laws. [Davidson, p. 161.]








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Created: 2:52 AM 7/29/2015
Last updated: 2:52 AM 7/29/2015