Figure 1.-- |
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Joachim Haupt's family was from the area of Frankfurt/Oder. He came from a family of civil servants. His father died when he was still quite young. He was not old enough to serve when World War I broke out (1914), but was admitted to a military academy in the last years of the War. After the war he joined the Freikorps Dohna. The Freikorps were breeding grounds for future NAZIs, attracting embittered military veterans and young men shocked that Germany had lost the War and outraged by the Versailles Peace Treary. He studied philosophy at the University of Greifswald. He worked in factories to earn money to pay for his university fees. He earned a doctorate degree. As a student he was active in the small NAZI Party, helping to organize student groups. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor (January 1933), he appointed long-time NAZI Bernhard Rust Prussian Minister of Education and Culture. Dr. Joachim Haupt was appointed his deputy. Prussia was the largest state in Germany and the NAZIs moved more aggressively there than in other areas of Germany after Hitler was made Chancellor (January 1933). Göring was for example made Minister of the Interior (police) in Prussia. Rust then tasked with the assignment of setting up the NAPOLA schools. Shortly after they presented the progranm to Hitler on his birthday (April 20, 1933). Hitler was apparently pleased. The next year he offered Rust just what he wanted, the national Ministry of Science, Education, and Culture. What happened with Haupt is unclear. Some sources suggest that Haupt was offered the leadership of the expanding Hitler Youth program, but unexpectedly he turned it down. Other source claim that Hitler chose Schirach over Haupt. This seemed to have affected Hitler's assessment of him. And to make matters worse, he
got into a power struggle with of all people SS-Reichführer Heinrich Himmler. Himmler showed up reportedly unexpectedly at a conference and expected to meet with see Haupt. Himmler at the time was intent on seizing control of the NPOLA schools. He used a standard SS approach, arresting Haupt on charges of homosexuality. This anme method was use in attacking the Catholic schools in Germany. Rust apparently got him out of prison, but this ended his career in education and the NAZI Party. Haupt was essentially expelled from the NAZI Party (1938). He played no further role in the NAZI education program or other aspect of the NAZI regime. He discretely took up farming. In the final phase of the World War II he was drafted, but survived the War. He was not charged with war crimes after the War.
Joachim Haupt's family was from the area of Frankfurt an der Oder. He came from a family of civil servants. His father died when he was still quite young.
Haupt was not old enough to serve when World War I broke out (1914). He entered the Cadet School (Hauptkadettenanstalt) in Berlin-Lichterfelde and did not serve in World War I (1915-20). After the War, he joined the Freikorps Maercker (1919) and later Freikorps Dohna (1920) which still at the Cadet School. f
The Freikorps were breeding grounds for future NAZIs, attracting embittered military veterans and young men shocked that Germany had lost the War and outraged by the Versailles Peace Treary. He studied philosophy at the University of Greifswald as well as the the universities of Frankfurt am Main and Kiel (Christian-Albrechts University). While still at university, he joined
the NAZI Party and became active in student politics (1922). He worked in factories to earn money to pay for his university fees. He earned a doctorate degree. He wrote extensively about needed reforms in German education. They were NAZI tracts criticising the overly academic approach of the German education system. 0Haupt, 1934.]
As a student he was active in the small NAZI Party from a very early point. He both wrote about a NAZI education approach, a kind of program guide for National Socialism. [Haupt, 1924.] He organized NAZI Party cells both in the factory he was working and student groups in the university. A German source reports he founded a nationalsozialistische Arbeitsgemeinschaft (Nazi labor community). We are not entirely sure what that means.
Haupt even a a very young age emerged as a leading member of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NAZI/NSDAP) in Northern Germany (from 1922). The Party at the time was largely centered in Bavarian in the South.
He helped organize university student groups. The NAZI Party in the early years was not well financed. Thus except for a few top leaders, Party members had to have regular jobs. He founded and headed National Socialist Student League at Kiel university (1926-28). He was elected to lead Kiel studnts (1927).
He organized NAZI student demonstrations at the Kiel University. Hitler ordered the creation of Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund (National Socialist German Students' League--NSDStB) (1926). It was as a division of the NAZI Party. The purpose was to
integrate and direct university student activity to support the NAZI Party. The NSDStB began moving its members into Kameradschaftshäusern (Fellowship Houses).
The first NSDStB leader was Wilhelm Tempel. Hitler was apparently not satisfied and began looking for a replacement. Haupt was a contender for the post of leader of the NSDStB, who Hitler eventually awarded to his main competitor Baldur von Schirach (1928). [Behrend, p. 76]
Two years after the leadership issue of NSDStB was settled, Hitler began the leadershiop of the Hitler Jugend surfaced (1928). It was still a very small organization. Haupt competed with Schirach for another important party post--leadershio of the Hitler Jugand (HJ) organization. He applied as a candidate for the post and was supported by Ernst Roehm. Hitler at first supported the appointment, but eventually decided on Schirach.
[Koch, p. 76.] Under Schirach the HJ became a major support for the NAZI Party and suignificantly participated in the effort to prepare Germany for war.
Haupt studies under professors Freyer and Litt at Leipzig. He was awarded a doctorate degree (1929). He began teaching at the Studienassessor in Kiel (1928). He also taught at Ratzeburg. In addition he worked at the Erzieher an der Staatlichen Erziehungsanstalt Plön. He was dismissed after repeated warnings about Nazi activities and inflamatory political lectures in and outside the classroom (1931?). There were also runmors of homsexual activity which reached Oberpräsident Kürbis. He edited a daily newspaper in Hanover (1931-33). He also regularly contributed articles to the the NAZI Party newspaper Völkischen Beobachter (People's Observer).
Haupt worked as a teacher in various places in Schleswig-Holstein from 1928 till 1931 and also obtained a doctorate from Leipzig university in 1929. Dismissed in 1931 because of his political views and alleged homosexuality. He became an editor of a NSDAP newspaper in Hanover and gained a seat in the Prussian state parliament in 1932
After Hitler was appointed Chancellor (January 1933), he appointed long-time NAZI Bernhard Rust Prussian Minister of Education and Culture. Dr. Joachim Haupt was appointed Undersecretary, essentially Rust' deputy. . Prussia was the largest state in Germany and the NAZIs moved more aggressively there than in other areas of Germany after Hitler was made Chancellor (January 1933). Göring was for example made Minister of the Interior (police) in Prussia. Haupt began publict tracts on reforms he saw as necessary in German education which he saw a two academic and not instilling patriotism and the proper political ideas. [Haupt, 1934 and 35.] He tried to put some of these ideas into actual practice at the new Napola schools.
Haupt was active in the SA--the largest NAZI formation. It was a paramilitary group which terrified the Armjy and that Hitler found difficuklt to control. It played am important role in Hitler's rize to power, but then was a threat as only the SA and Army were potential capable of removing Hiyler. Haupt was made a Sturmbannführer (1933). [Klee] This was a NAZI Party paramilitary rank about equivalent to major, It was a rank akso used in the SS, and the NSFK. It translates to something like 'assault (or storm) unit leader'. The term originated in World war I from German shock troop units. The rank was probably related to his relationship with Ernst Röhm, commander of the SA. The Sa looked like the major power in Germany at the time and unassaible. It was not. Hitler convinced by Himmler abnd Heydrich that Röem was about to stage a coup. Hitler reached an arrabgemebt with the Army that they would swear alleginance if he supressed the SA. The result was the Roem Putch, better known as the Night of the Long Knives. Röhm and his top associates were shot (June 1934). Haupt escaped the purge. As he was close to Röhm he was in danger. [Hergemöller, p. 590.] Haupt belonged to the Strasser wing of the NAZI Party. And apparentky survived the Röhm purge only because he had a debntal appointment in Hannover. [Lamprecht, p.116.]
Minister Rust then tasked with the assignment of setting up the NAPOLA schools (National Political Education Institutions--Napolas). Haupt apprently conceived of the whokle idea of Party leadershipn schools. The idea was "to create a new type of school in which the idea of a Nazi community education chould become a reality." Shortly after they presented the progranm to Hitler on his birthdat (April 20, 1933). Hitler was apparently pleased. Haupt became the Inspekteur der Landesverwaltung (head inspector) of the NAPOLA schools. Administration of the schools was separated from the Ministry's general school administration.
Hitler the next year offered Rust just what he wanted, the national Ministry of Science, Education, and Culture (1934). What happened with Haupt is unclear. Some sources suggest that Haupt was offered the leadership of the expanding Hitler Youth program, but unexpectedly he turned it down. Other source claim that Hitler chose Schirach over Haupt. This seemed to have affected Hiler's assessment of him. And to make matters worse, he got into a power struggle with of all people SS-Reichführer Heinrich Himmler after the SS had supressed the SA. Himmler showed up reportedly unexpectedly at a conference and insisted on meeting with Haupt. Himmler at the time was intent on seizing control of the NPOLA schools. Haupt wanted the Napolas to be a state institution, and to prevent their takeover by the Hitler Youth and the SS. Himmler used a standard SS approach. The Gestapo arrested Haupt on charges of homosexuality (October 1935). This same method was use in attacking the Catholic schools in Germany. Rust apparently got him out of prison (November 1935), but this ended his career in education and the NAZI Party.
Haupt was after a rather long legal process was essentially expelled from the NAZI Party and SA (1938). He played no further role in the NAZI education program or other aspect of the NAZI regime. He discretely took up farming in Mecklenburg. In the final phase of the World War II he was drafted, but survived the War. He was not charged with war crimes after the War. We are not sure if we he wrote about his experiences in the NAZI Party after the War, but it would certainly make interesting reading.
Haupt at maritime college and the Bundeswehrfachschule in Hanover (1950s). 3]
Behrend, Hanna. Die Beziehungen zwischen der NSDAP-Zentrale und dem Gauverband Süd-Hannover-Braunschweig 1921-1933 (European university studies. Series III, History and Allied Studies) (German Edition), 1981.
Haupt, Joachim. Neuordnung im Schulwesen und Hochschulwesen (1933).
Haupt, Joachim. Sinnwandel der formalen Bildung (1935).
Haupt, Joachim. Völkisch oder National? (1924).
Hergemöller, Bernd Ulrich. Mann für Mann. Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte von Freundesliebe und männlicher Sexualität im deutschen Sprachraum (Hamburg 1998).
Klee, Ernst. Das Kulturlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945 (S. Fischer: Frankfurt am Main, 2007).
Koch, Hans Waldemar. The Hitler Youth. Origins and Development (1975).
Lamprecht, Uwe. "Wir sollten unser Letztes für Volk und Führer geben," in Johannes Leeb. (ed.) Wir waren Hitlers Eliteschüler (Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich, 2005), pp.113-122.
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