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The Mandate had a Bediuin population of about 110,000 people. Many of the Bedouin were in the process of ssettling down. A substantial part of southern Palestine was Negev desert and here the Bedouin were still largely nomadic, a people that were still largely untouched by the changes occuring around them. The Ottomans made no special effort to educate the Bedouin and the nomadic Bedouin were for the most part still illiterate at the beginning of the Mandate. We are not sure to what extent the Palistinian Bedouin, especially the Negev Bedouin participated in the Arab Revolt during World War I. The Mandate brought a degree of order to the Negev, some of which adversly affected the Bedouin. The British Mandate Department of Education made the first real effort to provide schools for the Negev Bedouins as part of the Mandatory Education Law. The Bedouin in general, and especially the Negev Bedouin were not overly interested and in the case of girls, parents were extremely reluctant or actively opposed to sending their girls to school. the Mandate authorities did not press the issue with the still nomadic groups given their limited resources and the huge task they were involved with extending schools to villages in settled areas. We believe that schools for nomadic groups would have at first been expensive because they involved boarding facilities which futher affected the effort because of the limited budgets available. [Cwikel and Barak] The British adopted more coersive policies, esecially during World War II--the Bedouin Control Ordinance (1942). As a result we begin to see a basically settled population by the end of the Mandate, except for the Negev where the Bedouin were till semi-nomadic. We see Bedouin schools in the 1940s. We know virtually nothing about them except that they seem to be mostly for boys. The process of literacy was just beginning, but it did begin durung the Mandate period. It was not unil the establishment of the state if Israel that a major effort was made in Bedouin education.
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