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The principal Aner-Indian group in Pargusy are the Guaraní. The Guaraní Native Americans belonging to the Tupi-Guaraní linguistic group. In the era before DNA studies, linguistics was the principal way of identifying Native-American ethnic groups. The Guarani are commonly distinguished from the related Tupi by their use of the Guaraní language. Guarani was in the past looked down upon by the culturally Spanish upper and middle classes, but has gradually become a matter of pride and a popular symbol of national distinctivene. This group dominated a large area of South America east of the Andes before arrival of the Spanish and Portuguese. Thy fought with the Inca to preserve their territory in the years before the Spanish conquest. Whule the Guarani are by far the major group, there are small unassimilated non-Guarani groups as well. The Guarani were the group which the Jesuits attempted to protect with missions (called reductions) in the poorly defind border area berween Spanish Argentina and Portuguese Brazil. There is today little trace left of the original Guaraní culture except the language.
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