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We are not sure about the historic ethnicity of Bukovina. Data only becomes available with the advent of the Austrian era, after the Turks ceeded Bukovina to Austria. Although even with the Austrians there are varying estimaes. The dominant group was definitely Romanian (something like 60-85 percent). The rest was mostly Ukranians which the Austrians called Ruthenians (10-30 percent). The Ruthenian designation was part of an Austtian effort to discourage Ukranian nanlist sentiment within the Empire. Austrian imperial policy was to promote immigration to help develop the province. The new immigrants included Germans, Hungarians, Jews, Poles, and Ukranians. The main immigrant group was Ukranias. At the time of World War II, the non-Romanian/Ukranian segment had grown to about 25 percent of the population. Primarily as a result of World War II the Ukranian and Romanian populations were separated and the other groups sharrply reduced. Hitler ordered The Germans Back to The Reich after Stalin announced plans to seize the prrovince. The Romanian Army with little encouragement from the Germans murdered most of the Jews (1941-42).
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