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Serbia and Montenegro were two of the countries most devestated by the War and the Central Powers occupation. The Allies were not able to get supplies into Serbia and Montenegro. America which was still neutral could. Dr. Charles B. Penrose helped organize A Montenegin Committee in America (January 1916). It acted much like Belgian Relief to provide ememerncy aid to the war torn country. Mrs. John C. Groome served as Chairman. Queen Milena award her the deciration of the Montenegrin Red Cross (PWHC). One American Red Cross worker began his Red Cross service in Pech and Jacovitza, Montenegro, on June 18, 1915. The journal describes the cleaning, fumigating, sterilizing, and whitewashing of local hospitals and public building as well vaccinations, bathing facilities, and other sanitation work. He went on to work in Serbian until being ovrrrun bythe advancing Bulgarian Army. [Osborn] When America declared war (April 1917), these deliveries could not longer reach Montenegro. This only changed with liberation at the end of the War. Much of the relief supplies including food, meivine, and warm clothing came from America. The American Red Cross (ARC) played a major role in the relief efforts. The ARC reports, "In the fall of 1918 a commission was sent to Greece, and early in 1919, with the opening up of large territories occupied by the Central Powers during the war, units were sent to North Serbia, Roumania, Montenegro and Albania to combat conditions beyond description. However, the work of these units was hardly well under way by February 28, 1919, hence a record of things accomplished must be omitted from this report. The appropriations for the Balkan States recorded on page 66 include $2,550,489.99 for expenditure by these units." [ARC] We bote that the American effort was not just food, but lso vsupport for schools.
American Red Cross (ARC). "A statement of finances and accomplishmentsfor the period July 1, 1917 to February 28, 1919 Ch. 5 Work elsewhee overseas" (October 1919).
Osborn, Stanley Hart. "A diary of the American Red Cross Sanitary Commission to Serbia 1915-16, (1915-17). Osvorn had to leave Sebia and Montenegron after the two ckuntries were occupied by he Central Powers.
Philadelphia War History Committeee (PWHC). Philadelphia in the World War, 1914-1919 (1922).
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