Figure 1.--The photo was taken in Kampot (a quiet riverside Cambodian town just a few kilometers from the Gulf of Thailand) in 2008. Cambodian children do not wear school uniforms. |
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Since the overthrow of the Kymer Rouge, great progress has been made in revuilding a national education system.
The new Cambodian government reconfirmed its commitment to universal education. It faced a daunting task. It had to completely reconstruct the country's entire education system. Virtually all the teachers had fled the country or had neen murdered by the Kymer Rouge. The governent moved to restablish pre-school, primary, and secondary schools. Subsequently the government began working on non-formal education for adults and a network of tertiary colleges and universities. The Cambodian Constitution guarantees the right to free basic education. School is now compulsory for 9 years. The modern Cambodian education system is heavily decentralised. Three levels of government (central, provincial and district) are involved. The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports is the responsible national agency. They establish national policies and guidelines. The country's educators face huge difficultids. One of the greatest continues to be a shortage of qualified teachers. For many years this was because of the teachers killed by the Kymer Rouge. Now it is more a financial matter. Teacher salaries are very low. And budget constraints mean a severe shortage of teaching materials. Many rural parents continue to keep their children a home to hdlp out with hiusehold duties or to work in the field. This is an expecially serious problem with girls who many parents believe are not important to educate. As a result, literacy rates while much improved are still low: men (75 percent) and women (45 percent) (2005). As far as we know, the Cambodian government does not permit private schools, but this needs to be confirmed. Cambodian schools do not require school uniforms. The children wear their regular clothes to school.
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