Figure 1.--Turin (Torino) is an important industrial city in the Po Valley of northern Itaty. It was a notable medieval town, best know today for the Shroud of Turin. Here we see a school group on some kind of outing, unless that is their school in the background. Notice their lady teacher, at the time teachers in Europe, including Italy, were mosly mem. Given the size of the class abd the stylisdh clothes the boys are wering, we would say their school was a private school. The photograoph is undated, but looks like the late-1890s. Strangely only one boy has a cap. I am not sure if this means that the boys did not wear caps to school, or they just stepped outside the classroom for a portrait. Notice that their teacher has both an elaborate hat as welll as a coat, and we think gloves.

Italy during the middle ages was divided into various city states, the Papal states, areas occupied by Austri, and the Kingdom of Napes in the south. It is in this enviroment that educational system began to develop. Most education was controlled by the Catholic Church. We have very limited information about Italian private schools over time. We notice schools beginning in the 19th century that look to be private schools. Here our chronology is complicated by the fact that Italy was not unified until 1860. We are not yet sure about Italian schools before unification. We believe that education was still largely cntrolled by the Church before unification, especially in the Papal States. After unification we have begun to acquire some limited information. Italy was unified around the House of Savoy and the Kingdom of Sardinia which included Piedmont. Italy's educational system was structured around the system of the Kingdom of Sardinia at the time of unification. Fortunately by the time Italy was unified, phoyogroh had been invented, so we have some information from the photographic record. Many images are not identified, but we believe that we can often tell whether a school is private or public from the way the children are dressed.

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Created: 11:11 PM 9/19/2011
Last updated: 11:11 PM 9/19/2011