Figure 1.--This is an unidentified German school in Sudetenland during 1909. Noticecthe embroidery work on the girls' dresses. |
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The Sudetenland is the mountaneous fringe around Bohemia where the Sudeten Mountains separated Czech Bohemia from Bavaria and the rest of southern Germany. The Habsburgs integrated the Kingdom of Bohemia into their monarchy (17th century). Conflict between Czech and German nationalists emerged after the Napoleonic Wars in the 19th century. During the Revolutions of 1848 the German-speaking population wanted to become part of a new unified German state. The Czech-speaking population resisted any inclusion of Bohemia. The name "Sudetendeutsche" (Sudeten Germans) emerged in the early 20th century as poltics became more ethnically tinged. Comparable terms emerged at the same time for other German ethnic groups within the Empire.
The Alpendeutsche (Alpine Germans) wre the Germans in Austriaitself. The Balkandeutsche (Balkan Germans) were the Germans in Hungary and the eastern regions. The term "Sudetendeutsche" became partivularly pronounced because of ethnic and cultural conflicts within the Czechs in Bohemia. The population was largely German-speaking. I am not sure at this time what the constitutional arrangements were within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Nor do we have any details about the schools in the Sudeten region. The Austro-Prussian War (1866) serttled the role of Austria in Germany. It led after the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) to the unification of Germany under Prussia. There were, however, Germans left out side if the new German Empire. The Germans in the Sudetenland were some of these Germans.
Etnic Germans played an important role in the 19th Century Bohemian industrial revolution. The Germans were favored by the Habsburg regime and they tend to look down on the more agricultural Czech and Slovak neighbors in Bohemia.
The region after Wotld War I was combined with the Czech and Slovakian lands to form Czechoslovakia (1919). Hitler of course made it an issue and threatened war until the British and French turned it over to NAZI Germany at the Munich Conference (1938).
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