Figure 1.--This is It was only after the Civil War (1861-65) that settlers began to coss the Misissippi on to the Great Plains in large numbers. Bitice the tree-less flat background. Thanks to Federal policy (the Homestead Act), the land swas made available in family plots to the men an women who wised to farm it. OPrivisuion as also made for schools, even on the Frontier, such as this very basic unidentified school in Nebraska. Because of the lack of trees, the homes were made of sod. This is an early one room school, also made of sod. The photograph is undated, but looks like the late-1870s/early-1880s to us. There is an enccription on the back, "Grandma Mayer teaching school $5.00 month." Notice the German name. German immigrants wee a very important partn of vthev settlent of the Mid-West.

America was a largely rural country in the early-19th century. There were only a few cities and tghgey were not very large. Urbanizatiob seadily expanded, but at first at a realtively slow pace. Urbanizatio increased as the industrial revolution began to take hold in America (1830s). America had achieved a substantial degree of industrialization, mostly in the North (1860s). This was a major factor in the Civil War. After the Civil War, industrialization and urbanization picked up. It was only after the Civil War that the development odf tghec states west iof the Mississippi began in earnest. This and the still open frontier attracted increasing numbers of European immigrants. As a result, the rural population was still nearly 70 percebnt of the population. This mean that most Americans were still being educated in small rural schools. These schools offered an 8 year priogram. Thiswas not yet a problenm because only a small number of Americab children contunued their educatiion beyond the primary level. nd American educatuinal policy mean that feee public education was privided children even in rural areas. These schools in the still open frontier could be very basic, but the schools further east were more developed.

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Created: 12:50 AM 7/8/2020
Last updated: 12:50 AM 7/8/2020