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There is a long history of Christian missionary activity neginning almost as soon s the Jewish Jewish moivement became the Christisn Church. The spread of the early Christian church was the work of missionaries like St. Peter and Paul, especially St. Paul's inspiration to extend the reach of the Jesus movement to the gentiles. All this work was conducted by individuals minimally supported by a persecuted, underground church. After Constantine coverted and with him the Empire itself, more organized missiuonary efforts were conducted to areas outside the Empire, such as sending St. Patrick to Ireland (4th century AD). Europe is today seen as a Christian continent, but at the time that the pagan Barbarians overran the Roman Empire (5th century), Christianity was largely limited to the Mediterranen world. The Barbarians who overran the Roman Empire were pagan and there was a danger that Chtistinity like the Empire would be overwelmed. But tribes that conquered the Empire (Franks and Goths) were Christinized. And the Church with this new Germanic ruling class began the Chrstismization of the cintuinent. It was dine by both the swords and misionsries armed obly with the Bible. The first missiinary missions were in the West. Roman (Gregorian) and Irush missionaries began the Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons in Britain (6th century). The Church than began the Christinazation of the East and North. Germany was christianized (8th century). Saints Cyril and Methodius (fl. 860–885) are attributed as "Apostles to the Slavs", having introduced the Byzantine-Slavic rite (Old Slavonic liturgy) and Glagolitic alphabet. The Kievian Rus were fully Christian Christinized by missionaries (lte-10th century). There was also militay campaigns into Eastern and Northern Europe. The Vikings attacked rich monastaries, but in the end were Christianized, in part by monks brought back to Scandnvia as slaves. The last holdouts of pagnisims were the Balts and Finns. Here the missionaries failed. Christininization was finally accomplished by the sword--the Northern Crusade (12th-13th century).
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