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The Yaqui or Yoeme people inhabited the Yaqui River Valley in the Mexican state of Sonora. Today the Yaquir still liver there as well as Sinloa and the United States, primarily Arizona, drive their by the final phase of the Taqui wars and dreadful supression of the Yaqui people by the Mexicn Government during after the Mexican Revolution. A Yaqi historian describes his tribes preColombian culture, The "... Yaquis were living in family groups along the Yaqui River (Yoem Vatwe) north to the Gila River, where they gathered wild desert foods, hunted game and cultivated corn, beans, and squash. Yaquis traded native foods, furs, shells, salt, and other goods with many indigenous groups of central North America. Among these groups are the Shoshone, the Comanche, the Pueblos, the Pimas, the Aztecs, and the Toltec. Yaquis roamed extensively in pre-Columbian times and sometimes settled among other native groups like the Zunis." [Quiroga Sandoval] The first contact with the Spanish occured about a decade after Cortez and his Conquistadores conquered the Aztecs in the Central Valley and gradually expaned their control of what is now Mexico. A Spanish slaving expedition enqountered a Yaqui village. In the ensuing engagement the spanish claimed victory and killed many Yaquis, but were forced withdraw. It was the beginning of the four century Yaqui Wars--the longest of the Latin American Indin Wars. In the history of freedom, perhaps no people have struggled so valiantly for freedom or paid such a terible price. The Spanish attempting to eradicate Native American resistance sent further military expedutions. The Yaqui struggled to hold their land and preserve their way of life. While an essentially peaceful farming people, the Yaqui resisted repeated Spanish expeditions. They developed a defense system that enabled them to quickly mobilize 7,000 wariors when Spanish forces entered Yaqui lands. [Quiroga Sandoval] The Yaqui were Christinized by the Jesuites and developed a close reltionship with them. The Jesuits were allowed to do missionary work and help the Yaqui develop their lands. The Yaqui population at the time was some 60,000 people. The Jesuites organized them in eight sacred towns or pueblos centered upon new churchs. The settlements were La Navidad del Senor de Vikam, Santa Rosa de Vahkom, La Asuncion de Nuestra Senora de Rahum, Espiritu Santo (Ko'okoim), Santa Barbara de Wiivisim, San Ignacio de Torim, San Miguel de Veenem, and La Santisima Trinidad de Potam. The history of the Yaqui people was forever transfirmed by the discivery of silver in the Yaqui Valley (1684). The Spanish wanted to subdue the Yaqui before. With the alure of silver the desire and conflicts with the Yaquis was intensified many times. Many Spanish moved into the Yaqui River Valley, seizing land and supressing the Yaqui people. The Yaqui aided by the related Mayo people rose against the Spanish (1740), renewing the Yaqui Wars which would continue on nd off gin for another 190 years. The conflict conflict continued and intensified after Mexico gained its independence. Juan Banderas was the famed Yaqui leader who for a time united the Yaqui with the Mayo, Opata, and Pima tribes to force the Mexicans out of their lands. The Mexicans finally captured him with an Opata chief and executed him (1833).
Quiroga Sandoval, Ernesto. Historian, Pascua Yaqui Tribe. "Yaqui history,"
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